In the City More People Join, but There’s a Catch において・と共に・一方で

において marks a formal location, field, or situation (“in/at”). と共に means “together with” or “as something changes.” 一方で can contrast two sides or describe two developments in parallel. をはじめ introduces a representative first example, followed by others. ことから presents a reason or clue from which a conclusion follows. によって can indicate a method, agent, cause, or difference, so the noun relationship determines its reading.

において is a formal counterpart of で for places, fields, or situations. Its modifying form is における + noun: 国際社会における課題, “issues in the international community.”

と共に can mean people doing something together, or two changes progressing in parallel. 一方で then sets up another side: 都市では便利になった一方で、地方では課題が残る, “while it became more convenient in cities, issues remain in rural areas.”

をはじめ names a prominent example before expanding to a larger group. ことから explains a conclusion based on an observed fact: 利用者が増えたことから, “because users increased.” によって can mean “by,” “due to,” or “depending on,” so identify whether the noun is an agent, cause, method, or variable.

Vocabulary