← Back to Japanese course
LEARN + JAPANESE / 157 of 186 JLPT N2

Everyone’s Welcome, No Matter What にかかわらず・にせよ・を問わず

The event is open to every age group, and it will run rain or shine. These expressions keep the main statement true across a condition, category, or either of two alternatives.

These forms say that a condition or category does not change the main statement. にかかわらず means “regardless of,” often with a noun or paired alternatives. を問わず means “irrespective of” and is common in formal notices listing categories. にせよ / にしろ and としても mean “even if” or “even assuming,” often followed by the same conclusion. しろ~しろ and にしろ~にしろ pair alternatives explicitly. に限らず means “not limited to,” extending a statement beyond the named example.

を問わず often follows paired categories or nouns such as 年齢, 経験, or 国籍. It has a formal, concise tone and is common in recruitment notices and public information.

にかかわらず can follow a noun or a question phrase such as するかどうか. にせよ / にしろ treats alternatives alike: 行くにせよ行かないにせよ, “whether you go or not.”

に限らず explicitly broadens the scope beyond the first example. It is related to “not only,” but its focus is that the range is not restricted to the named category.

In Real Life
A job posting may say 年齢を問わず応募できます, “applications are welcome regardless of age.” にかかわらず is a flexible statement about a condition, while に限らず expands a category to include more cases.
Hint · 힌트
Category-independent in a formal notice: を問わず. Condition does not affect outcome: にかかわらず. Either alternative: にせよ / にしろ. Broaden beyond one category: に限らず.

Vocabulary

JapaneseEnglish

YOUR PROGRESS

Finished this lesson?

Save your place in this course.